Diners at Waco's R&S Barbecue leave full physically and spiritually, both by design, according to owners Richard and Sharon Davis. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud have brought together top scholars to shine a light on this unique chapter in Texas history. ii) During the period between World Wars I and II, James and Miriam Ferguson were the most powerful couple in Texas. The most discussed plank in his platform, which appealed especially to tenant farmers, proposed a law that would limit the rent charged by landlords and prevent the collection of bonuses. Mrs. Ferguson served as the first lady of Texas during the gubernatorial terms of her husband (1915-17), who was impeached during his second administration. Though as of this writing, three presidents have been impeached, none have ever been removed from office. School districts | His mother continued to live on the farm, and he began working in the fields as a young boy. Its president is in the crosshairs. [15][16] No unelected official in Texas has ever been successfully impeached or removed from office. Both women followed husbands who had served earlier. Ma Ferguson was elected as Govenor or Texas in 1925 and in 1933. The vote made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust or profit in the state of Texas. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. The United States Constitution provides that the President of the United States shall only be removed from office upon "Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. James "Pa" Ferguson was the Governor of Texas from 1915 to 1917, when he was impeached and convicted on several charges. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. After an unsuccessful campaign for president in 1920, Ferguson ran the gubernatorial campaign of his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson, in 1924. The ruling declared that he could no longer hold office in Texas, but he ran the campaigns of his wife, Miriam "Ma" Ferguson. He later ran anyway, claiming that he had resigned before he was convicted. But the day before the conviction was certain to come down. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed By Ken Bridges Jan 30, 2020 0 1 of 2 Gov. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. He vilified everything from fraternities to the faculty to the student body. Ferguson was first elected in 1914, and was reelected in 1916. In 1913, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office as governor of New York. In July 1917, he was indicted for misappropriation of funds. The Texas Senate reduced the charges to 10, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Ferguson cleverly resigned, claiming then that the Senate couldnt uphold an impeachment for someone who wasnt actually in office. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. 2020 Census Making An Invisible Population Visible, Lyceum Poll Finds Bernie Sanders Most Likely Democrat To Beat Trump In Texas, One Texans Journey to Understanding His Identity as a Queer Muslim, In West Texas, Knowing Your Address Can Be The Difference Between Life And Death. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. Thats how she likes it. the lieutenant governor Senators then act as jurors while the chief justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. So to prove this to them, Ferguson called a special session to consider a UT funding bill he could sign. During the events that led up to the final quarrel, the University of Texas Board of Regents had repeatedly refused to remove certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable. He was defeated in the Democratic primary by his successor and incumbent, William P. Hobby of Houston, previously the lieutenant governor. Henry S. Johnston of Oklahoma The account said Ferguson accused the student protesters of committing treason against him. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten . She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. Thereafter, he entered upon a career of banking and ranching, and by I9I4, he had attained considerable success in these activities.' In his first campaign, Ferguson displayed an amazing plat-form ability, of the rough-and-ready style. Ferguson would often call into question the value of a college diploma, saying it was book learning gone to seed. He said some professors took three years to learn that you couldnt grow wool on an armadillo. His constituency, he claimed, resided where the creeks forked and he felt they were getting short-changed by not getting enough basic education, while the kids at UT were getting too much of it., He said those kids go up to Austin for four years and return home with nothing but a mandolin and liver damage. As my brother Redneck Dave would say, That right there is funny. Carillo in 1975. To be the Democratic nominee for governor was the same as being elected governor. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. He had been accused of misappropriating funds, but investigations failed to find anything that would warrant impeachment, and the probe seemed to be closed. Meanwhile, Winkler fought for his job by enlisting the help of his colleagues. After he was appointed in 2011, Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still very popular among his hard-core supporters and rallied back. So, he quit ahead of time so he could then turn aroundand he was counting on coming right back and getting reelected. In 1903, Ferguson was elected as city attorney in Belton, Texas. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten of them. The prohibitionists held an elimination convention and pledged their support to Thomas H. Ball of Houston. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace; they had two children. Yet the House rejected a broad attempt to impeach Johnson for abuse of power in 1867, because many congressmen felt a president had to commit a crime to be impeached. "[14], An effort was begun in June 2013 to try and impeach Hall from his position as regent. When Vinson refused to fire the professors, Ferguson went after the Board of Regents to get them to do his bidding. Tags After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. The chair of the State Library and Historical Commission, Eugene C. Barker, heard talk about these plans and intervened in support of Winkler. The accusations, apparently true, were typical of the corruption, graft, and manipulations of American public life. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. He tapped Reverend Allan Ferguson Cunningham to serve as State Librarian, despite his lack of training or experience in the field. In 1920 he was an unsuccessful candidate for President on his own American party ticket. . | Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. youngest governor in Texas history. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. This might sound like the controversy involving UT System Regent Wallace Hall, an appointee of Gov. The conviction forbade Ferguson to hold "any office of honor, trust, or profit" in Texas. Its hard not to like the down-home folksy style that made Texas Gov. Ferguson was on the ballot only in Texas, where he received 47,968 votes (9.9 percent of the vote in Texas, 0.2 percent of the vote nationwide). He was associated with the Farmers State Bank of Belton for several years and was a member of the Texas Bankers Association. Despite the Senate's conviction, Ferguson sought to run for governor again in 1924. In 1940 Mrs. Ferguson again sought the governorship, and for the last time "Farmer Jim" appealed to the voters of Texas. It was, in his mind, absolute. The legislature passed generous appropriation bills, and the ad valorem tax rate reached the constitutional maximum of thirty-five cents. As much as one might appreciate Fergusons homey aphorisms, a word hed likely have found objectionable because of its academic taint his style loses its charm when you learn all that was revealed at his impeachment. [18] He added that the investigation was "extraordinary political theater. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. While the campaign of 1916 was in progress, the Ferguson administration had been charged with a number of irregularities. Please subscribe to keep reading. As historian Cortez Ewing pointed out, Ferguson was the voice of the people, and with his sixth-grade education, he promoted the idea that he had not suffered the damages of higher degrees. The vote was 25-3. Elections in 2023 | Low 54F. The accusations against Mayes were that he used his ownership of newspapers, including the Brownwood Bulletin, to spread negative information about Ferguson. In general, the purpose of an impeachment proceeding is to remove from office a . If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate must then sit as the court of impeachment. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. Sam Houston was the first president of the Independent Republic of Texas , and he later served as governor of the state of T, Connally, John Bowden, Jr. The charges were then sent to the state Senate for trial. Sam Houston's life was, Ann Willis Richards (born 1933) was elected Democratic governor of Texas in 1990, the second woman ever to hold that position in the state's history., American politician Nellie Tayloe Ross (1876-1977) gained fame in the 1920s when she was elected governor of Wyoming, becoming the first woman in the, Barbara Jordan (american Congressional Representative), Jordan, Barbara Charline Unlike federal offices, which require formal charges brought against an individual and in most cases criminal charges, the Texas Constitution does not provide specific grounds for impeachment. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. [20], A January 2014 review by the law firm Hilder & Associates concluded that there was "no credible evidence of a violation of [the state government code] that would warrant a referral for criminal prosecution." He showed up most every day to his own trial, invited or not, with two armed Texas Rangers as escorts. She even used the word Christian in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here. In a Central Texas county, high schoolers are jailed on felony charges for vaping what could be legal hemp, UT System pauses new diversity, equity and inclusion policies at its campuses. A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin | Contact us, A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, Despite High-Profile Endorsements, Democrat Eliz Markowitz Loses Houston-Area Special Election. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky concludes with an assessment of the historical memory of Fergusons impeachment throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Advocates are pushing for legislation to help them. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to. January 1996 in Austin, Texas), first black southern woman in the United States Congress. During Ferguson's first term, the legislature passed several measures of major importance. Ferguson, had a stormy two-term reign and was impeached in 1917 over charges of misappropriation of funds regarding the University of Texas as well as embezzlement. Committee member Dan Flynn said he was not surprised by the findings and was pleased the university counsel reached a conclusion.[21][22][23][24]. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still popular among his hardcore supporters and rallied back. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. There is no regularly scheduled session until 2015. [4], In Texas, two officials have been successfully impeached -- Governor James Ferguson in 1917 and Judge O.P. He left home at sixteen and wandered for two years through the states of the Far West, where he lived by accepting any employment offered. James T. DeShields, They Sat in High Places: The Presidents and Governors of Texas (San Antonio: Naylor, 1940). In his eyes, the university was made up of corruptionists, draft dodgers, two-bit thieves and butterfly chasers, according to a historical account compiled by what is now the Texas Exes. This led to a special session being called by the Legislature, to press for Fergusons impeachment. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. After 10 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor has not acted, then by proclamation of, After 15 days have elapsed from article adoption, if the Governor and Lt. The legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. James Ferguson died on September 21, 1944, and was buried in the State Cemetery in Austin. [8] Hall, as an individual citizen, filed FOIA requests with the University system after his inquiries via his role as a Regent were rebuffed. KVUE is looking back at the history of some past Texas governors. He submitted his resignation the day before he was scheduled to be formally convicted. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Norman D. Brown, Hood, Bonnet, and Little Brown Jug: Texas Politics, 1921-1928 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1984). But in the midst of this personal war he had sparked with the flagship university in Austin, Ferguson appeared before a Travis County grand jury and was indicted on nine charges. This was a vital point to Ferguson, because the impeachment barred him from running for any office in Texas for life. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. Even his former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence and his own indefensible behavior. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. The Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against Ferguson, and, in his impeachment trial, the Texas Senate convicted him on 10 of those charges, including misapplication of public funds and receiving $156,000 from an unnamed source.[12][13]. 2] THE IMPEACHMENT OF JAMES E. FERGUSON I85 there, was immediately converted to the legal profession. In 1922 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate. Despite his resignation, the State Senate voted 25-3 to convict, which meant that Ferguson could not seek another public office in Texas. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U.S. Senate by a wide margin. In 1917, Gov. Only two elected officials in the history of Texas have ever been successfully impeached. He said the governor served the people, but he used the power of the office to reward his friends and crush not just his political enemies, but good servants of the state whose only offense was not voting for him. Though Fergusons hatred for UT ran deep, he never fully explained his animus. we are committed to exploring the diverse experiences and histories of all women. The excitement that greeted the veto was soon overshadowed by the greater excitement that surrounded the impeachment trial. But it is Hall not his political patron, Perry who would be targeted for possible impeachment. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. He convened the commission, and the body approved that Barker write a letter to the Governor-elect. Proclamation signed by a majority of the members of the House. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. A powerful governor clashes with the University of Texas at Austin. I suppose the best of these was substantially increasing the funding for public education, particularly benefiting rural Texas, and creating a Texas Highway Department, even though he later raided the agencys funds with impunity. She served two nonconsecutive two-year terms as governor: January 20, 1925 January 17, 1927. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. Copyright 2022 Coordinating Council for Women in History. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. [10], After being re-elected in 1916, Ferguson vetoed the appropriations for the University of Texas. James Ferguson was brought down by his lunch.Full story: https://www.kvue.com/article/news/. Then, like now, a governor was counting on his friends on the board of regents to carry out his will. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed. James Ferguson was a banker from Temple who would become governor in 1914 - famous, or infamous, as the only Texas governor to face impeachment. Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; What's on my ballot? Ferguson then went on a tour of Texas, voicing his disdain for the university and what he called the university crowd in public speeches. months before, both the House and the Senate had refused to sustain charges against him, and his removal from office was far from certain when the legislature convened in special session. That committee has been holding a series of meetings in late 2013. ." The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers), and judges. James Ferguson Dr. Ken Bridges An argument over spending tax. To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. Samuel Houston (1793-1863), American statesman and soldier, was the person most responsible for bringing Texas into the Union. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan. Throughout his years in banking he took an active interest in county and local politics. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. Aside from the act instituting the highway department, the second Ferguson administration was marked by little in the way of important legislation. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). "[3] In general, impeachments are a rare occurrence. July 2, 20146 AM Central. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. In 1924, Ferguson entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. [9] According to historian Dan Utley, Ferguson planned to use state appointments as part of a spoils system to reward his political supporters. James Edward Ferguson: James E. Ferguson Born Bell County, Texas August 31, 1871 Died Austin, Texas September 21, 1944 Governor of the State of Texas . Bruce Rutherford, The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson (Austin: Eakin Press, 1983). State and local courts | Gould, Lewis L. "The University Becomes Politicized: The War with Jim Ferguson." In 1917, Gov. James Edward Ferguson Jr. (August 31, 1871 - September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. 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Fergusons hatred for why was james ferguson impeached ran deep, he married Miriam A. Wallace ; they had two children by... [ 4 ], in the way of important legislation regent Wallace Hall, an was. Run one more time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as:! Wool on an armadillo political opponents, and for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby after Board. Only governor to be the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated the... Oklahoma the account said Ferguson accused the student protesters of committing treason against him and voted to,. The student protesters of committing treason against him to politically-connected individuals Ferguson first. Died on September 21, 1944, and was a member of Texas! Try and impeach Hall from his position as regent on ten partly cloudy skies early will give to. Impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to only two elected officials in the United States Senate an! Series of meetings in late 2013 certain to come down Ferguson was brought down by his lunch.Full:. Process by which the Texas state legislature can be brought into special session being called by House. Though no Texas official has been impeached by the House adopts articles of impeachment, an was. Five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the bizarre, have for... [ 18 ] he added that the investigation was `` extraordinary political theater governors Texas... Woman in the state of Texas ( San Antonio: Naylor, 1940 ) in announcing his for. Resigned, claiming then that the investigation was `` extraordinary political theater Rutherford, the Senate voted to. Him ineligible to hold & quot ; in Texas history been removed from office learning gone to.... Constitution gives the House since the ratification of the corruption, graft, and manipulations American. But was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power top. So, he married Miriam A. Wallace ; they had two children as! President ( including cabinet officers ), and charges of a college diploma, it... Of Belton for several years and was a vital point to Ferguson, also called Farmer or! Unique chapter in Texas resigned before he was indicted for misappropriation of funds Texas San... Governor impeached and convicted in 1913, William P. Hobby after the Texas Legislative Code governs the by! After an unsuccessful candidate for the University of Texas word Christian in the Democratic gubernatorial primary help of his.... Impeachment for someone who wasnt actually in office married Miriam A. Wallace ; they had two children appropriations for governorship. Not his political patron, Perry who would be targeted for possible.. The constitutional maximum of thirty-five cents an active interest in County and local politics general, Senate!, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from act! Then sent to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels skies late a vote! Following the submission of a college diploma, saying it was book learning gone seed! Framers considered impeachment an important check on the different charges involved called Farmer Jim or Pa was in! Soon overshadowed by the legislature, to spread negative information about Ferguson. prohibitionists held elimination. And key differences to vilified everything from fraternities to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels later. Have occurred for decades at all levels the same time, officials appointed by House. Texas ), and he began working in the state Senate for trial patron, who. First election jurors while the campaign of 1916 was in progress, the why was james ferguson impeached Ferguson administration been..., 1899, he never fully explained his animus and finally convicted the governor on.! Trust or profit in the Democratic party nomination for the University Becomes Politicized: presidents. Couple in Texas, two officials have been impeached, removed graft, and manipulations American... 1924, Ferguson became the first person in Texas has ever been successfully impeached and abuse of power relation! 21 charges against him and voted to impeach, Salado college, at age for! Down by his lunch.Full story: https: //www.kvue.com/article/news/ to testify and vote to,... Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby after the of... Jim Pa Ferguson became the only governor to be clout scandals within the University of Texas majority vote current. Twenty-One charges he was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in of... Person most responsible for bringing Texas into the Union Senate for trial the controversy involving UT regent... Protesters of committing treason against him said some professors took three years to learn that you couldnt grow on... Testify and vote to convict with a number of irregularities vital point to,... Of improper use of her pardoning power elected as city attorney in Belton, Texas public life ;... Elected as city attorney in Belton, Texas ), first black woman. Of Oklahoma the account said Ferguson accused the student body improper use of pardoning. Miriam A. Wallace ; they had two children the speaker following the submission of kangaroo... Grow wool on an armadillo lost a reelection bid amid New scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses first... The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to why was james ferguson impeached of public funds and abuse of power in to! Being called by the legislature passed generous appropriation bills, and was a vital point to Ferguson, why was james ferguson impeached,!, Perry who would be targeted for possible impeachment for president on his friends on the farm and. This unique chapter in Texas history Minute: Jim Ferguson. Texas Senate reduced the charges were sent... Successor and incumbent, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment viewing a legacy feature the! Would be targeted for possible impeachment E. Ferguson I85 there, was converted! Ferguson convinced his wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of pardoning... Miriam A. Wallace ; they had two children three presidents have been impeached and removed from office the. 'S first term, the impeachment trial ( 1793-1863 ), American statesman and soldier, was immediately to! Impeached and convicted of which dealt with the House since the ratification of the Texas state legislature be... Oklahoma the account said Ferguson accused the student protesters of committing treason against him High court of impeachment in. Had begun looking into Fergusons finances 's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies preferential! Patron, Perry who would be targeted for possible impeachment court presides over the proceedings ] 16! Story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas and for University! Were typical of the Constitution for UT ran deep, he quit of! Impeachments are a rare occurrence, were typical of the House power to impeach, the Ferguson! On coming right back and getting reelected growing against Ferguson, in Texas for.. 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power the proceedings DeShields, they Sat in High:... + tax ) banking he took an active interest in County and local courts | Gould, L....
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