Published March 22, 2021. <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 63 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> Race-conscious college admissions policies are critical to enrolling underrepresented minorities including Black and Latinx students and have been upheld by the courts, says American Civil Liberties Union President Deborah Archer. Centre of Economic Policy Research, December 2019. 1, Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education, The Diversity Imperative: The Compelling Case, Access and Diversity: Related but Distinct Concepts, Key Terms and Concepts: Knowing the Basics, Mythbusters: Correcting Common Misunderstandings, Making Connections: A Holistic View of Key Strategies, Admission: Exploring Key Strategies for Achieving Success, Financial Aid and Scholarships: Exploring Key Strategies for Achieving Success, Getting from Here to There: Managing the Process of Policy Change, Beyond Federal Law: State Voter Initiatives and Their Consequences, Taking a Stand: Higher Education Leadership for the 21st Century, The Initiative on Transfer Policy and Practice, Community Colleges and Student Search Service, Professional Development for Higher Education, Summer Institute on College Admission and School Relations, International Professional Development Events, Summer Institute for International Counselors at NYU, International Admissions Symposium and University Fair, College Board Electronic Discussion Groups, Access and Diversity Collaboratives Action Guide for Higher Education, ADCs Key Action Guide for Every Institution, Engaging Campus Stakeholders on Enrollment Issues Associated with Student Diversity, The Playbook: Understanding the Role of Race Neutral Strategies in Advancing Higher Education Diversity, 2nd Edition, Listen to the oral arguments from SFFA v. Harvard, Listen to the oral arguments from SFFA v. UNC, Read our full public statement on the amicus brief, Brief on SCOTUS taking UNC and Harvard Cases. It leads to the myth of race-neutral policythe notion that if all groups are seen as equal under the law all will share equitably in social and economic benefits. 2017. This case asks the Supreme Court to decide whether Grutter v.Bollinger should be overruled and whether universities should be prohibited from using race in the admission process, as well as whether Harvard violated Title VI of the Civil Rights Act by discriminating against Asian American applicants in the admission process and by rejecting workable, race-neutral alternatives. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. Readersinterested in delving deeper into the issues touched on in this chapter are encouraged to explore the following resources suggested by the author. 40 0 obj While there are many factors that may play a role in the low Black homeownership rate, one key factor is the racist history of redliningthe practice in which lenders deny mortgage loans or other services to communities of color. Theres No Such Thing as Race-Neutral Policy (with Valerie Wilson). Pitchfork Economics (podcast), April 20, 2021, 24 min. They could even exacerbate existing racial inequities. The University of California has spent billions of dollars pursuing race-neutral alternatives. <>36]/P 21 0 R/Pg 45 0 R/S/Link>> Thinking Hard About 'Race-Neutral' Admissions In fact, that will increase as a result of affirmative action being eliminated. Said Eisgruber, "We will do our best to be . She was referring to recent Supreme Court decisions on affirmative action. 35 0 obj Schools will be scrambling to do what many universities have actually already had to do, Forde-Mazrui said. Schlesinger, Traci. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003), and hold that institutions of higher education cannot use race as a factor in admissions," and (2) whether Harvard and UNC's race-based admissions policies satisfy the demanding strict-scrutiny standard established by Grutter and its progeny. Several public universities already employ race-neutral admissions practices. Theres No Such Thing as Race-Neutral Policy (with Valerie Wilson). Pitchfork Economics (podcast), April 20, 2021, 24 min. During that span, the percentage of college-aged Black students in Michigan increased from 16% to 19%. 1 The plaintiff is the same in both: Students for Fair Admissions, an organization that represents college applicants of Asian ancestry. Moreover, the new policy gave extra consideration to students who came from low-income households. How do taxes and spending work, and where do you fit in? "While Proposition 209 promoted race neutrality in university student recruitment, admissions, financial aid, student academic support and employee hiring, the policy has made it more . Life is stressful. Need to become up to speed on the case and its implications for your campus? uuid:a5890c9e-b41c-11b2-0a00-b04a9b020000 A 2017 report titled Alternative Paths to Diversity: Exploring and Implementing Effective College Admissions Policies endeavors to answer this essential question: Is there a workable, nonracial way to achieve diversity without any consideration of a student's race in the admissions process? Consideration of all aspects of a students background for admissionincluding raceis not only constitutional; itscriticalto becoming a more equitable society. Our weekly mental wellness newsletter can help. Kahlenberg claims this tactic is fairer and more appealing. However, over the past several years, affirmative action has been under attack in the higher education space as some believe race shouldnt be a factor for admission into a school or program. <> Published March 22, 2021. Develop plans and preliminary drafts regarding communications to campus stakeholders in the wake of the anticipated Court decision. Critics of race-conscious admissions claim similar diversity outcomes could be met by substituting class for race. On Oct. 31, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments for two related affirmative action cases brought by Students for Fair Admissions against Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-Chapel Hill). Kuhn, Moritz, Mortiz Schularick, and Ulrike I. Steins. Elena Kagan recused herself due to conflict and Antonin Scalia died shortly before the ruling. The U.S. Supreme Court case on the use of race in admissions is unfolding. The U.S. Supreme Court is set to soon decide whether race-based programs in admissions are lawful. The court rightly upheld a lower court finding that Harvards use of race as a factor in its admissions process is constitutional. Research shows that schools that rely on race-neutral policies areless diverse and less accessible to historically underrepresented students of color. Some public universities have already experimented with race-neutral recruitment efforts because of state laws banning racial preferences. <>0]/P 11 0 R/Pg 45 0 R/S/Link>> 61 0 obj I speculate that the courts conservative supermajority wants to overturn Grutter, Forde-Mazrui said. UVA President Jim Ryan 92 and Provost Ian Baucom issued a statement to University students, faculty, staff and foundations Friday, ahead of Mondays hearing. Video The basic conclusion of this research, it claims, is that there is no demonstrated feasible alternative that would produce the levels of diversity that selective universities find necessary for their educational missions without some consideration of race. 2016. The Failure of Race-Blind Economic Policy. The Atlantic, February 16, 2017. Reflections on What Makes a Policy Racist. . endobj At the same time, the decision addressed the need for institutions to continue to assess whether so-called race-neutral alternatives are available and workable, and suffice for achieving the university's goals. They said the boards policy should be blocked because of its intent to discriminate against Asian American applicants.. Presently there are two new major categories of race-neutral approaches to admissions. Regardless of the courts ruling, we will remain steadfast in our commitment to make diversity a core part of the educational experience at UVA, and will strive to do all we can, within the bounds of the law, to continue to admit and recruit a widely diverse student body, they wrote. If the court rules in favor of the plaintiffs this term, what will be the result? Norm. In Students for Fair Admissions language, Harvard is penalizing Asian applicants, so that its even harder to get into Harvard if youre Asian than if youre white, Forde-Mazrui said. Such questions would enable admissions officers to better understand prospective students and their backgrounds without explicitly considering race. Prior to 2020, about 70% of the admitted students at Thomas Jefferson were Asian Americans, but that percentage fell to 54% under the new policy. The Politics of Exclusion: The Failure of Race-Neutral Policies in Urban America. Various years. It claims numerous studies have demonstrated that replacing a holistic admissions policy with a top 10% plan would not successfully restore the number of students of color at the most selective four-year campuses that would be achieved under a policy that considers race. Not initially. Richard Kahlenberg, formerly of The Century Foundation and an expert witness in the Harvard case, posits this argument. Fair Housing Act (web page). Race-neutral admissions policies purportedly do not consider race in making admissions decisions, but are still designed to assemble a student body reflecting the diverse composition of the college-age population. It is the product of several years' research and collaboration with enrollment experts and higher education leaders. Hanauer, Nick, and Jessyn Farrell. "Despite persistent, vigorous, and varied efforts to increase student-body racial and ethnic diversity by race-neutral means, admission and enrollment of underrepresented minority students have . The Sentencing Project. race-neutral admissions policies have not significantly increased enrollment of underrepresented . Mass Incarceration: New Jim Crow, Class War, or Both? A year after the landmark Dobbs ruling, conservative legal campaigners could secure another major victory. In 2006, UCLA's entering class of almost 5,000 included only 96 Black students, known on campus as the Infamous 96. Satio, Leland T. 2009. Professor Kim Forde-Mazrui directs the Center for the Study of Race and Law. For its part, although the Supreme Court has consistently ruled it is legal to use race as a factor in a holistic application process, it has long viewed race-conscious policies with suspicion. At least nine states Arizona, California, Florida, Idaho, Michigan, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, and Washington have passed laws prohibiting affirmative action in university admissions. Saving Black Lives in Pittsburgh, One Call at a Time, State Lawmakers Must Protect the Cultural and Religious Expression of Indigenous Students, Making Black History, Building Black Futures, To Root Out Racism in the Criminal Legal System, We Cant Fear Too Much Justice, Legal Fellow, ACLU Racial Justice Program, conservative legal strategist Edward Blum, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, Voters in California recently rejected a ballot measure. Without these policies, laws will only mitigatebut not dismantlethe barriers that racist and discriminatory laws and policies have reinforced. 1: 5681. This includes voting, education, employment, and much more. The U.S. Supreme Court is set to soon decide whether race-based programs in admissions are lawful. But leaders at the University of California and the University of Michigan say their race-neutral admissions policies have not worked, telling the Supreme Court and filings they haven`t been able to significantly increase enrollment of underrepresented minorities sends affirmative action bans in their states took effect. In the 2016 verdict, the court found that race played only a modest role UT's "holistic" affirmative action policy. v. Regents of the University of Michigan et al. Their briefs claim that while outreach efforts have resulted in more low-income and first-generation students, they have not alone significantly increased diversity. endobj The case could set an important precedent because it addresses facially neutral attempts at racial balancing, and because the school in question is currently over 70% Asian-American, and new . Schlesinger, Traci. But in fact, race-conscious policies aim to address racial discrimination by recognizing and responding to the structural barriers that have long denied full social, political and economic participation to people of color in the U.S. Blum opposes race-conscious policies in part because he believes that these barriers no longer exist. Yet, a small but growing body of research suggests that compliance with race-preference bans is irregular; "race-neutral" universities often do appear to give Phone: 202-775-8810 epi@epi.org [E]verybody would rather achieve all our racial diversity goals through race-neutral means, Associate Justice Elena Kagan said in the Harvard case. These cases arise from two distinct yet related lawsuits. Here's how it impacts your workplaceand our democracy. Why give to EPI (based on their race, gender, sexuality, or nationality) in specific areas such as college admissions or managerial ranks. Regardless of your current planning stage, you can prepare now by reviewing the Access and Diversity Collaboratives Action Guide for Higher Education. Race-neutral admissions have exacerbated inequality by failing to account for discrimination, structural barriers, and a lack of access to opportunity and resources that students of color routinely face, the regents said. University of Texas's race-conscious admissions policy against the challenger's arguments that the university must instead, as a race-neutral alternative, expand its policy of admitting the top 10% of students from the state's high schools. application/pdf 2 0 obj For example, while the Fair Housing ActTitle VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968outlaws housing discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability, or familial status,1 it has never fully delivered on its promise to promote and further integration (Adams 2018). Affirmative action decision-making in employment and education is a . In a post-affirmative action world, where the consideration of race as a factor in admissions decisions is no longer legal, can and will universities still favor applicants of color? The new policy also dropped several standardized tests that were used to rank applicants, as well as the $100 fee to apply. Solomon, Danyelle, Conor Maxwell, and Abril Castro. 11 These affirmative action bans in . Interactive tools and videos bringing clarity to the national dialogue on economic inequality. Intersectionality and Public Policy: Some Lessons from Existing Models. Political Research Quarterly 64, no. Learn more about the case, issues, and implications by reviewing one of our prerecorded webinars: Review this recorded session from April2022 for timely analysis on the case, as well as practical, hands-on recommendations from enrollment leaders. 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However, research suggests that while racial discrimination is explicit within the criminal justice system, the class composition of each racial group is strongly correlated with the big overall gap in Black and white incarceration rates (Lewis 2018). In Michigan's case, there are almost six times as many white students as Black students from low-income families. The Failure of Race-Blind Economic Policy. The Atlantic, February 16, 2017. By 2019, UCLA's Black enrollment had grown to almost 6%. 3 0 obj Hankivsky, Olena, and Renee Cormier. Over the last 40 years, the incarcerated population has increased by 500%, with 2 million people in prison and jail today (The Sentencing Project 2021). <>35]/P 20 0 R/Pg 45 0 R/S/Link>> The United States' highest court is hearing arguments against using race as a factor in college admissions policies Monday in cases involving the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Harvard University. Under the new admissions policy at Thomas Jefferson, the entering freshman class would be 54% Asian . These race-neutral policies neglect the reality and history of race and the role it has played in stripping communities of color from opportunity. Race-neutral policy such as the drive to eliminate affirmative action threatens racial equity in the states. 45 0 obj After studying more than 60,000 students, the author learned that most minority students attending selective colleges would have been rejected under a "race-neutral" admissions process. Staff A former columnist for The Chronicle Darlene Earnest is a copy editor for BestColleges. Forde-Mazrui said this case is more complicated. In a response filed Wednesday in the Supreme Court, the school board insisted that its admissions policy is "race-neutral" and said the 4th Circuit was "entirely within its . Many students in low-income communities simply cannot afford to attend a four-year university. 2022-05-13T12:30:17-07:00 Several state university systems have created race-neutral policies to determine which students are admitted and which are not. Black Women Workers Are Essential During the Crisis and for the Recovery but Still Are Greatly Underpaid. Working Economics Blog (Economic Policy Institute), August 12, 2020. 2021. According to a 2020 Wall Street Journal report, 56% of the nation's top 250 institutions considered legacy in their . Wilson, Valerie, and Melat Kassa. 2021. The decision, dated Sept. 30, emphasizes the need for consideration of race in admissions as a temporary measure to get society to a point of . 2020. Satio, Leland T. 2009. 1225 Eye St. NW, Suite 600 Our country isnt race-neutral despite efforts to push race-neutral policy. This notion dismisses centuries of racist policies that have created and reinforced structural barriers to prosperity, safety, and equity for these groups. 2022-05-13T12:30:17-07:00 Economic Policy Institute, February 2018. He cites a 2016 Gallup poll in which 63% of Americans opposed colleges using race in admissions decisions while 61% of them favored the consideration of economic circumstances. Valerie Wilson Economic Policy Institute, Daria Roithmayr University of Southern California, Valerie Wilson Economic Policy Institute. Policies must embrace both race and class as policy targets to achieve race-conscious efforts and policy solutions. endobj 1 0 obj Before now, the Supreme Court has repeatedly ruled that schools can narrowly consider race among many factors when considering applications. We must face race head-on to meaningfully address the racial inequality that persists in our society. UC's decades-long experience with race-neutral approaches demonstrates that highly competitive universities may not be able to achieve the benefits of student body diversity through race-neutral measures alone, the brief concludes. 2023 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia, Menaka Guruswamy, Arundhati Katju Helped Win Landmark Ruling in India, Consumer Information (ABA Required Disclosures), issued a statement to University students, faculty, staff and foundations, Jamar Walker 11 Makes History as First LGBT Federal Judge in Virginia, Sean Onwualu 24 Trades in Playbooks for Casebooks, LGBT Rights Litigators To Receive Jefferson Medals in Law, Big Data and War: Can a Cyberattack Warrant an Armed Response? In an amicus brief submitted to the court ahead of oral arguments, the University of California system recounted the effects of its race-neutral admissions strategies on campus diversity. 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